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Top 10 List of Week 10

1. Memory mapped I/O and Isolated I/O
   As a CPU needs to communicate with the various memory and input-output devices (I/O) as we know data between the processor and these devices flow with the help of the system bus.

2. I/O scheduling in Operating Systems
   Scheduling is used for efficient usage of computer resources avoiding deadlock and serving all processes waiting in the queue.

3. Kernel I/O Subsystem
   Kernel I/O Subsystem is responsible to provide many services related to I/O. Following are some of the services provided.

4. Isolated I/O
   It is the memory hardware that fetches/stores datThen we have Isolated I/O in which we Have common bus(data and address) for I/O and memory but separate read and write control lines for I/O.

5. I/O system in operating system
   Management of I/O devices is a very important part of the operating system - so important and so varied that entire I/O subsystems are devoted to its operation.

6. Disk Scheduling
   Disk scheduling is done by operating systems to schedule I/O requests arriving for the disk. Disk scheduling is also known as I/O scheduling.

7. Memory-mapped I/O
   Memory-mapped I/O (MMIO) and port-mapped I/O (PMIO) (which is also called isolated I/O are two complementary methods of performing input/output (I/O) between the central processing unit (CPU) and peripheral devices in a computer.

8. Kernel Data Structures
   The kernel data structures are very important as they store data about the current state of the system.

9. I/O Protection
   Input/output protection: Input/output is protected by making all input/output instructions privileged. While running in user mode, the CPU cannot execute them; thus, user code, which runs in user mode, cannot execute them.

10. Virtual memory vs. Cache memory
    Cache memory increases the accessing speed of CPU while Virtual Memory increases the capacity of main memory.